Basically, the construction units for processing of construction waste (from demolition or replacement of the roadway) are dependent on the one hand, from the physical and mechanical properties of the source, on the other – from requirements to final product.
The waste from demolition of dilapidated structures adopted to rank the brickwork, concrete and reinforced concrete, mortar, gypsum board, wood, debris san, fayansizdely, insulating materials. During the processing of fabrics to be formed by reconstruction of roads construction scrap, consisting of various components – asphalt, concrete, Degteva substances, gravel, side stone, bricks, sand and earth.
Originally crushers have been designed and manufactured exclusively for the processing of nonmetallic materials, to a greater extent – to blow up the rock: granite or limestone . These types of materials are characterized by almost constant physical parameters: the constant values of density, moisture content, water capacity, grading, etc. With the advent of appropriate processing and recycling of construction, spanning a wide and varying range of values of the above parameters in rapid specialization of crushing machines.
It should be noted that the crusher itself, without the associated equipment hardly used. Now this term means a set of equipment assembled on a single mobile or fixed gear frame and intended to provide a range of related manufacturing operations – receiving and filing the material, pre-dispersal and the selection of inefficient fractions with subsequent evacuation from the crushing chamber, the process of crushing, conveying a blade or a subsequent screening, extraction of metal inclusions.
Almost exactly a set of associated basic crusher equipment determines its functionality and carries a conditional boundary between road grinders and crushers for recycling of construction waste. Below is a list of differences between road crushers and grinders for the construction waste.
The appearance of significant quantities of construction waste (millions of tons) of various sizes consisting of different materials, require the availability of machines capable of on the first stage, just chop them and disposed of, and the second – to ensure their repeated use.
For the real processing (recycling) of various demolition waste suitable only two types of crushers – jaw and rotary. The other types – hammer, cone, roll – can not be used for primary processing of demolition waste clogged.
The question of choosing the optimal basic equipment – a jaw or impact crusher , apparently, will remain unanswered for a long time.
Both models are having a number of its special qualities, also have their own specific disadvantages.
jaw crusher is cheap and unpretentious in operation, but has relatively low (1:6) degree of fragmentation, provides a high percentage flakiness grains and can not be dust suppression. Crusher has an enviable (1:20) degree of fragmentation at high cube-shaped grain source, completely sealed for dust suppression, but has a high wear replacement of equipment that increases the cost of its operation. Specific energy consumption is significantly higher than that of the jaw crusher.
Acute need for crushers in Russia for processing construction waste arose in 1995 when I started to realize the programs of the Moscow Government for the reconstruction of dilapidated housing stock. This program provides for an unconditional removal of all concrete panel houses the first industrial series – K-7 and 11-32 . In Moscow, the total usable area of such five-story building is about 6 million m 2 , which corresponds to about 10 million tons of construction waste slated for recycling by 2005. The need for road crusher came much earlier, but it was easier to satisfy, as the raw material – scrap road much easier peredrobit due to its relative homogeneity.
Different-sized amount loaded into the crusher building pieces of demolished concrete, chaotically twisted reinforcement rods, heat-and waterproof materials 40 years ago – here is the “salad”, which falls to the cutting chamber for processing five-story building. In practice, this leads to the fact two-fold reduction in performance compared to the rating calculated on the fragmentation of the same type of rocks.
The first steps on the use of stationary rotary crushers for recycling of construction waste from demolished prefabricated concrete five-story building in Russia should be attributed to 1996, when the territory Ochakiv brickworks (Enterprise Promstroypererabotka “) was installed and commissioned in line with the rotary grinder resaylingu RMA -86A as the primary crushing unit. Concerns about the impossibility of a cut valve 15 mm in diameter on a highly dynamic powerful machine did not come true, and stable operation of SMD-86A confirmed the possibility of its use in the recycling of scrap concrete. This crusher is available Vyksa works “Drobmash.
In addition, “Drobmash offers and jaw crushers of different sizes for primary crushing of construction waste. Jaw crusher mounted on the chassis. At the same time interested in the experience of international cooperation enterprise for the installation of the Russian jaw crushers Slovak wheeled chassis with support equipment (the company NFLG ).
Consider the actual production experience of Russian companies to use foreign technology for recycling of construction waste and the repair of roads, accumulated over recent years.
The first foreign equipment on the chronology of the Moscow Recycling jaw crushers have been purchased by companies SATORI and SU-155 (Moscow). They were virtually the same type car, though different firms, respectively Parker (UK) and Maschinenfabrik Liezen (Austria). They are mobile mechanisms established on-site processing of the material and consisting of vibrating feeders, by which is made a preliminary selection of fine fractions, the most jaw crusher, conveyor shipping and installed over it magnetic tape separator.
Section pre-crushing firm Parker includes a hopper, vibrating grate (with a grate or perforated bottom), which ensures fair sifting fines and soil, jaw crusher, side and offloading pipelines. The magnetic separator is mounted over the shipping conveyor separates the rebar and other metal from the shattered material.
To install the grinder company offers both wheeled and tracked chassis.
Enterprise SU-155 is perhaps the only, using grinder specifically for the processing of the material taken down five-story building in the area of dense urban areas.
The special features of this design include the presence of the rocker “language”, is pivotally suspended on the underside of the fixed cheeks. “Language” is intended to provide guidance and best styling razdrablivaemogo material on a conveyor belt.
However, the small (120-150 mm) gap between the conveyor belt shipping and mounting rail diesel generator creates a bottleneck in which the valve is stuck, forming a tube from the chaotic twisted coils of wire. This results in increased wear of the conveyor belt mechanism and it broaches. The problem of pushing congestion has been solved by creating an additional job for an operator to manually extracting armature coils with the shipping pipeline. It’s inevitable price to pay for the use of road crusher is not its intended purpose – processing material for which it was designed.
Interesting design of the secondary conveyor belt of the same company, equipped with only the leading and tension reel without supporting rollers. Instead of rollers along the conveyor frame are uniformly installed horseshoe arch, made of antifriction alloy, providing a low coefficient of friction. Due to such an arc (about 150 °) has improved trough-shaped strip profile, providing better adhesion material from its surface. This, in turn, made it possible to install the assembly line at an angle of 32-35 ° (instead of 17-18 °), significantly reducing the size of the installation.
Enterprise SU-175 (Moscow) also acquired a road jaw set firm Maschinenfabrik Liezen several different designs, with side offloading conveyor length of 2.0 m. Such a short conveyor, it is quite acceptable in road conditions, require substantial upgrading of the assembly for use in stationary conditions of processing of construction waste.
Much interest in the exploitation of powerful road crusher TRACK-404 Austrian company Hartl , mobile working as a reconstruction of the roadway, and stationary processing for a permanent place of their deployment construction waste. Crusher intensively exploited since 1998, the Moscow company “Recycle of materials.” Operating weight of installation – 42 tons, she is able to process building up to scrap 700 mm with a nameplate capacity of 250 tons per hour. Crawler chassis mounted a hopper capacity of 8 m3, adjustable vibratory feeder , pre-shaker keeps out a fine fraction, crusher, diesel generator with hydraulic control actuators, offloading conveyor, magnetic separator, control post. Drive crusher – V-belt drive from engine. All other mechanisms for receiving torque from the motors controlled by a single hydraulic system. The equipment includes stand-alone on a frame dvuhsitovoy rumble with three shipping transporters, which are also driven by a single hydraulic system. For all the undeniable progressive use of hydraulic systems, this design is identified and its real flaw in the operating conditions during the cold season. Since the screen with pipelines is a significant distance from the central hydraulic system, the launch and operation of the crusher at low temperatures is difficult.
Distribution of power from the hydraulic system on the TRACK-404 is designed in such a way that excludes the possibility of crushers and other processing equipment in the motion of the complex itself. However, the models produced by the company last year, allows both to move the complex, and recycle construction waste. Although there is doubt in need of such overlapping operations, as load into the bunker a few cubic meters of demolition waste on the move seems highly unlikely.
In view of the dual use of the complexes equipped with two different sets of working bodies – beat. Some beat designed to work with asphalt waste, others are focused on work with concrete and reinforced concrete.
Here it is appropriate to dwell on the peculiarities of exploitation crushers when working with asphalt. (This machine was used in the processing of the roadway Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow.) The crushing of the latter (if it is not quite old and brittle) crushability chamber is covered with an oily layer, and all the bumps and technological cavity for mounting hit “tightly” clogged Degteva substances. Conventional threaded connections, securing drums beat and Liner Plates, become trudnorazemnye. Realistic way to reduce this negative impact is intense watering the asphalt with water still in the hopper that is used on these same machines during their operation in the U.S..
On the example of the machine must also focus on common problem with realigning the road permanently located in the crusher for crushing of demolition waste.
These are the effect of spillage of fine fraction and from the receiving hopper, and with shipping carrier at the bottom of the complex. The volume of the spillage with heavy use of shredders in the tens of kilograms per hour. But if the moving crusher this spillage remains obscure band on the road, then the stationary location of the unit it forms a high-growth cones of material under his bottom. In the wet and frosty weather, these cones are a real obstacle, smerzayas and often cutting conveyor belt along its length. One of the main conditions of adaptation to the stationary crusher road use is to work for the unconditional exclusion of traffic flows of the material in a crusher and removing the possibility of spillage fines.
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Crusher for recycling roadway and construction waste
Basically, the construction units for processing of construction waste (from demolition or replacement of the roadway) are dependent on the one hand, from the physical and mechanical properties of the source, on the other – from requirements to final product.
The waste from demolition of dilapidated structures adopted to rank the brickwork, concrete and reinforced concrete, mortar, gypsum board, wood, debris san, fayansizdely, insulating materials. During the processing of fabrics to be formed by reconstruction of roads construction scrap, consisting of various components – asphalt, concrete, Degteva substances, gravel, side stone, bricks, sand and earth.
Originally crushers have been designed and manufactured exclusively for the processing of nonmetallic materials, to a greater extent – to blow up the rock: granite or limestone . These types of materials are characterized by almost constant physical parameters: the constant values of density, moisture content, water capacity, grading, etc. With the advent of appropriate processing and recycling of construction, spanning a wide and varying range of values of the above parameters in rapid specialization of crushing machines.
It should be noted that the crusher itself, without the associated equipment hardly used. Now this term means a set of equipment assembled on a single mobile or fixed gear frame and intended to provide a range of related manufacturing operations – receiving and filing the material, pre-dispersal and the selection of inefficient fractions with subsequent evacuation from the crushing chamber, the process of crushing, conveying a blade or a subsequent screening, extraction of metal inclusions.
Almost exactly a set of associated basic crusher equipment determines its functionality and carries a conditional boundary between road grinders and crushers for recycling of construction waste. Below is a list of differences between road crushers and grinders for the construction waste.
The appearance of significant quantities of construction waste (millions of tons) of various sizes consisting of different materials, require the availability of machines capable of on the first stage, just chop them and disposed of, and the second – to ensure their repeated use.
For the real processing (recycling) of various demolition waste suitable only two types of crushers – jaw and rotary. The other types – hammer, cone, roll – can not be used for primary processing of demolition waste clogged.
The question of choosing the optimal basic equipment – a jaw or impact crusher , apparently, will remain unanswered for a long time.
Both models are having a number of its special qualities, also have their own specific disadvantages.
jaw crusher is cheap and unpretentious in operation, but has relatively low (1:6) degree of fragmentation, provides a high percentage flakiness grains and can not be dust suppression. Crusher has an enviable (1:20) degree of fragmentation at high cube-shaped grain source, completely sealed for dust suppression, but has a high wear replacement of equipment that increases the cost of its operation. Specific energy consumption is significantly higher than that of the jaw crusher.
Acute need for crushers in Russia for processing construction waste arose in 1995 when I started to realize the programs of the Moscow Government for the reconstruction of dilapidated housing stock. This program provides for an unconditional removal of all concrete panel houses the first industrial series – K-7 and 11-32 . In Moscow, the total usable area of such five-story building is about 6 million m 2 , which corresponds to about 10 million tons of construction waste slated for recycling by 2005. The need for road crusher came much earlier, but it was easier to satisfy, as the raw material – scrap road much easier peredrobit due to its relative homogeneity.
Different-sized amount loaded into the crusher building pieces of demolished concrete, chaotically twisted reinforcement rods, heat-and waterproof materials 40 years ago – here is the “salad”, which falls to the cutting chamber for processing five-story building. In practice, this leads to the fact two-fold reduction in performance compared to the rating calculated on the fragmentation of the same type of rocks.
The first steps on the use of stationary rotary crushers for recycling of construction waste from demolished prefabricated concrete five-story building in Russia should be attributed to 1996, when the territory Ochakiv brickworks (Enterprise Promstroypererabotka “) was installed and commissioned in line with the rotary grinder resaylingu RMA -86A as the primary crushing unit. Concerns about the impossibility of a cut valve 15 mm in diameter on a highly dynamic powerful machine did not come true, and stable operation of SMD-86A confirmed the possibility of its use in the recycling of scrap concrete. This crusher is available Vyksa works “Drobmash.
In addition, “Drobmash offers and jaw crushers of different sizes for primary crushing of construction waste. Jaw crusher mounted on the chassis. At the same time interested in the experience of international cooperation enterprise for the installation of the Russian jaw crushers Slovak wheeled chassis with support equipment (the company NFLG ).
Consider the actual production experience of Russian companies to use foreign technology for recycling of construction waste and the repair of roads, accumulated over recent years.
The first foreign equipment on the chronology of the Moscow Recycling jaw crushers have been purchased by companies SATORI and SU-155 (Moscow). They were virtually the same type car, though different firms, respectively Parker (UK) and Maschinenfabrik Liezen (Austria). They are mobile mechanisms established on-site processing of the material and consisting of vibrating feeders, by which is made a preliminary selection of fine fractions, the most jaw crusher, conveyor shipping and installed over it magnetic tape separator.
Section pre-crushing firm Parker includes a hopper, vibrating grate (with a grate or perforated bottom), which ensures fair sifting fines and soil, jaw crusher, side and offloading pipelines. The magnetic separator is mounted over the shipping conveyor separates the rebar and other metal from the shattered material.
To install the grinder company offers both wheeled and tracked chassis.
Enterprise SU-155 is perhaps the only, using grinder specifically for the processing of the material taken down five-story building in the area of dense urban areas.
The special features of this design include the presence of the rocker “language”, is pivotally suspended on the underside of the fixed cheeks. “Language” is intended to provide guidance and best styling razdrablivaemogo material on a conveyor belt.
However, the small (120-150 mm) gap between the conveyor belt shipping and mounting rail diesel generator creates a bottleneck in which the valve is stuck, forming a tube from the chaotic twisted coils of wire. This results in increased wear of the conveyor belt mechanism and it broaches. The problem of pushing congestion has been solved by creating an additional job for an operator to manually extracting armature coils with the shipping pipeline. It’s inevitable price to pay for the use of road crusher is not its intended purpose – processing material for which it was designed.
Interesting design of the secondary conveyor belt of the same company, equipped with only the leading and tension reel without supporting rollers. Instead of rollers along the conveyor frame are uniformly installed horseshoe arch, made of antifriction alloy, providing a low coefficient of friction. Due to such an arc (about 150 °) has improved trough-shaped strip profile, providing better adhesion material from its surface. This, in turn, made it possible to install the assembly line at an angle of 32-35 ° (instead of 17-18 °), significantly reducing the size of the installation.
Enterprise SU-175 (Moscow) also acquired a road jaw set firm Maschinenfabrik Liezen several different designs, with side offloading conveyor length of 2.0 m. Such a short conveyor, it is quite acceptable in road conditions, require substantial upgrading of the assembly for use in stationary conditions of processing of construction waste.
Much interest in the exploitation of powerful road crusher TRACK-404 Austrian company Hartl , mobile working as a reconstruction of the roadway, and stationary processing for a permanent place of their deployment construction waste. Crusher intensively exploited since 1998, the Moscow company “Recycle of materials.” Operating weight of installation – 42 tons, she is able to process building up to scrap 700 mm with a nameplate capacity of 250 tons per hour. Crawler chassis mounted a hopper capacity of 8 m3, adjustable vibratory feeder , pre-shaker keeps out a fine fraction, crusher, diesel generator with hydraulic control actuators, offloading conveyor, magnetic separator, control post. Drive crusher – V-belt drive from engine. All other mechanisms for receiving torque from the motors controlled by a single hydraulic system. The equipment includes stand-alone on a frame dvuhsitovoy rumble with three shipping transporters, which are also driven by a single hydraulic system. For all the undeniable progressive use of hydraulic systems, this design is identified and its real flaw in the operating conditions during the cold season. Since the screen with pipelines is a significant distance from the central hydraulic system, the launch and operation of the crusher at low temperatures is difficult.
Distribution of power from the hydraulic system on the TRACK-404 is designed in such a way that excludes the possibility of crushers and other processing equipment in the motion of the complex itself. However, the models produced by the company last year, allows both to move the complex, and recycle construction waste. Although there is doubt in need of such overlapping operations, as load into the bunker a few cubic meters of demolition waste on the move seems highly unlikely.
In view of the dual use of the complexes equipped with two different sets of working bodies – beat. Some beat designed to work with asphalt waste, others are focused on work with concrete and reinforced concrete.
Here it is appropriate to dwell on the peculiarities of exploitation crushers when working with asphalt. (This machine was used in the processing of the roadway Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow.) The crushing of the latter (if it is not quite old and brittle) crushability chamber is covered with an oily layer, and all the bumps and technological cavity for mounting hit “tightly” clogged Degteva substances. Conventional threaded connections, securing drums beat and Liner Plates, become trudnorazemnye. Realistic way to reduce this negative impact is intense watering the asphalt with water still in the hopper that is used on these same machines during their operation in the U.S..
On the example of the machine must also focus on common problem with realigning the road permanently located in the crusher for crushing of demolition waste.
These are the effect of spillage of fine fraction and from the receiving hopper, and with shipping carrier at the bottom of the complex. The volume of the spillage with heavy use of shredders in the tens of kilograms per hour. But if the moving crusher this spillage remains obscure band on the road, then the stationary location of the unit it forms a high-growth cones of material under his bottom. In the wet and frosty weather, these cones are a real obstacle, smerzayas and often cutting conveyor belt along its length. One of the main conditions of adaptation to the stationary crusher road use is to work for the unconditional exclusion of traffic flows of the material in a crusher and removing the possibility of spillage fines.