Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. In this paper, a parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using crusher dust is presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks with fine aggregate (sand) replaced by various percentages of crusher dust are investigated.
The test results shows that the replacement fine aggregate by crusher dust up to 50% by weight has a negligible effect on the reduction of any physical and mechanical properties while there is a saving of 56% of money. The percentage of saving was less but highly beneficial for mass production of paving blocks. The shaving would be more if the sand availability is at a greater distance. This also reduces the burden of dumping crusher dust on earth which reduces environmental pollution.
Concrete introduction
A lot of facelift is being is given to roads, footpaths along with roadside. Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. Cement concrete paving blocks are precast solid products made out of cement concrete. The product is made in various sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square, and round blocks of different dimensions with designs for interlocking of adjacent paving blocks.
The raw materials require for manufactures of the product are Portland cement and aggregates which are available locally in every part of the country. Market potential cement concretes paving blocks find applications in pavements, footpaths, gardens, passengers waiting sheds, busstops, industry and other public places. The product is commonly used in urban areas for the above applications. Hence, the unit may be set up in urban and semiurban areas, near the market.
A concrete mix of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: stone chips) by volume may be used for cement concrete paving blocks with water to cement ratio of 0.60. The concrete mix should not be richer than 1:6 by volume of cement to combined aggregates before mixing. Fineness modules of combined aggregates should be in the range of 3.6 to 4.0. All the raw materials are placed in a concrete mixer is rotated for 15 minutes.
Till now Indian standard has not given any specification on cement concrete paving blocks. However, the specification laid down in IS 2185 (Part1) specification for concrete masonry units: Part 1 for Hollow and solid concrete blocks, may be used as general guidelines for meeting the quality parameters. Quality parameters like actual proportion of the individual raw materials, ratio of coarse aggregates to fine aggregates, water to cement ratio, good finish, accuracy in size and shape, and compression strength after curing are the some of the important parameters that should be checked periodically to ensure good quality of the product.
Raman et al., 2005 studied the effect of quarry dust and found that the partial replacement of river sand with quarry dust without the inclusion of fly ash resulted in a reduction in the compressive strength of concrete specimen. It has also been reported that the reduction in the compressive strength of quarry dust concrete was compensated by the inclusion of fly as into the concrete mix. Reddy and Reddy, 2007 reported an increasing compressive strength by use of rock flour as fine aggregate instead of river sand. Ilangovana et al., 2008 reported strength of quarry rock dust concrete was comparably 1012 % more than that of similar mix of conventional concrete.
Hameed and Sekar, 2009 studied effect of crushed stone dust as fine sand and found the flexural strength increases than the concrete with natural sand but the values decreases as percentage of crusher dust increases. It has been reported by Reddy and Reddy, 2007 from their experimental study on use of rock flow and insulator ceramic scrap in concrete that the rock flow when used as fine aggregate increases the modulus of rapture thus the flexural strength. From the study of green concrete posses containing quarry dust and marble sludge powder it has been reported that the split tensile strength of green concrete was 14.62% higher at 7days and 8.66 %higher at 28 days. But split tensile strength was found to be lesser by 10.41% at 3 days than controlled concrete.
Hameed and Sekar, 2009 also reported the resistance of Green concrete containing crusher dust against sulfate attack (Mg SO4 and Na2SO4 ) is higher than the conventional concrete. Also they have reported acid resistance ( H2SO4 ) is higher than the conventional concrete. The durability of quarry rock dust concrete under sulphate and acid action is higher than the conventional concret.
Similarly water Absorption found to be more in the concrete containing crusher dust 2 . The overall workability value of quarry rock dust concrete in terms of slump as well as compaction factor was less in comparison to conventional concrete(Ilangovana et al., 2008). As reported by (Hameed and Sekar, 2009) the slump value increases (Workability increases), if concrete is mixed with quarry dust as well as marble sludge due to presence of marble sludge powder
Conclusion
Replacement fine aggregate by crusher dust up to 50% by weight has a negligible effect on the reduction of any physical and mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength etc. Water absorption is well below the limit as per Indian codes. Durability test shows no variation for different replacements of crusher dust. There is a shaving of 56% of money if sand is replaced by crusher dust. The percentage of saving was less but highly beneficial for mass production of paving blocks. The shaving would be more if the sand availability is at greater distance like hilly area. This also reduces the burden of dumping crusher dust on earth and hence environmental pollution.
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Stone crusher dust as a fine aggregate in concrete for paving blocks
Abstract of stone crusher dust
Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. In this paper, a parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using crusher dust is presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks with fine aggregate (sand) replaced by various percentages of crusher dust are investigated.
The test results shows that the replacement fine aggregate by crusher dust up to 50% by weight has a negligible effect on the reduction of any physical and mechanical properties while there is a saving of 56% of money. The percentage of saving was less but highly beneficial for mass production of paving blocks. The shaving would be more if the sand availability is at a greater distance. This also reduces the burden of dumping crusher dust on earth which reduces environmental pollution.
Concrete introduction
A lot of facelift is being is given to roads, footpaths along with roadside. Concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths for easy laying, better look and finish. Cement concrete paving blocks are precast solid products made out of cement concrete. The product is made in various sizes and shapes viz. rectangular, square, and round blocks of different dimensions with designs for interlocking of adjacent paving blocks.
The raw materials require for manufactures of the product are Portland cement and aggregates which are available locally in every part of the country. Market potential cement concretes paving blocks find applications in pavements, footpaths, gardens, passengers waiting sheds, busstops, industry and other public places. The product is commonly used in urban areas for the above applications. Hence, the unit may be set up in urban and semiurban areas, near the market.
A concrete mix of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: stone chips) by volume may be used for cement concrete paving blocks with water to cement ratio of 0.60. The concrete mix should not be richer than 1:6 by volume of cement to combined aggregates before mixing. Fineness modules of combined aggregates should be in the range of 3.6 to 4.0. All the raw materials are placed in a concrete mixer is rotated for 15 minutes.
Till now Indian standard has not given any specification on cement concrete paving blocks. However, the specification laid down in IS 2185 (Part1) specification for concrete masonry units: Part 1 for Hollow and solid concrete blocks, may be used as general guidelines for meeting the quality parameters. Quality parameters like actual proportion of the individual raw materials, ratio of coarse aggregates to fine aggregates, water to cement ratio, good finish, accuracy in size and shape, and compression strength after curing are the some of the important parameters that should be checked periodically to ensure good quality of the product.
Raman et al., 2005 studied the effect of quarry dust and found that the partial replacement of river sand with quarry dust without the inclusion of fly ash resulted in a reduction in the compressive strength of concrete specimen. It has also been reported that the reduction in the compressive strength of quarry dust concrete was compensated by the inclusion of fly as into the concrete mix. Reddy and Reddy, 2007 reported an increasing compressive strength by use of rock flour as fine aggregate instead of river sand. Ilangovana et al., 2008 reported strength of quarry rock dust concrete was comparably 1012 % more than that of similar mix of conventional concrete.
Hameed and Sekar, 2009 studied effect of crushed stone dust as fine sand and found the flexural strength increases than the concrete with natural sand but the values decreases as percentage of crusher dust increases. It has been reported by Reddy and Reddy, 2007 from their experimental study on use of rock flow and insulator ceramic scrap in concrete that the rock flow when used as fine aggregate increases the modulus of rapture thus the flexural strength. From the study of green concrete posses containing quarry dust and marble sludge powder it has been reported that the split tensile strength of green concrete was 14.62% higher at 7days and 8.66 %higher at 28 days. But split tensile strength was found to be lesser by 10.41% at 3 days than controlled concrete.
Hameed and Sekar, 2009 also reported the resistance of Green concrete containing crusher dust against sulfate attack (Mg SO4 and Na2SO4 ) is higher than the conventional concrete. Also they have reported acid resistance ( H2SO4 ) is higher than the conventional concrete. The durability of quarry rock dust concrete under sulphate and acid action is higher than the conventional concret.
Similarly water Absorption found to be more in the concrete containing crusher dust 2 . The overall workability value of quarry rock dust concrete in terms of slump as well as compaction factor was less in comparison to conventional concrete(Ilangovana et al., 2008). As reported by (Hameed and Sekar, 2009) the slump value increases (Workability increases), if concrete is mixed with quarry dust as well as marble sludge due to presence of marble sludge powder
Conclusion
Replacement fine aggregate by crusher dust up to 50% by weight has a negligible effect on the reduction of any physical and mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength etc. Water absorption is well below the limit as per Indian codes. Durability test shows no variation for different replacements of crusher dust. There is a shaving of 56% of money if sand is replaced by crusher dust. The percentage of saving was less but highly beneficial for mass production of paving blocks. The shaving would be more if the sand availability is at greater distance like hilly area. This also reduces the burden of dumping crusher dust on earth and hence environmental pollution.